Tasnif Style Guide — Page 237

APPENDIX G: GLOSSARY 237 Ramadan The ninth month of the lunar calendar, in which fasting is prescribed for all adult, able-bod- ied Muslims, except those trave- ling, ill, pregnant, or nursing. Tehsil A sub-district administrative area in parts of India. Tehsildar A sub-collector of reve- nue. Rak'at A unit of formal prayer Taqwā Righteousness. Fear of God. (Salāt). Pl. Rakāt. Rishi A Hindu saint or a spiritual scholar. Rububiyyat Allah's attribute of sus- taining or nurturing. Sattar Concealer; one of the attrib- utes of God. Sair fillāh The sojourn in Allah. Sha'ban The eighth month in the lu- nar calendar. Shariah Religious law of Islam. The term is also used in the general sense of any revealed law. Shirk Associating partners with Al- lah. Sufi A Muslim focusing on mysti- cal and ascetic aspects of religious worship. Surah A chapter of the Holy Quran. Tahajjud Late night / Early morning supererogatory prayers. Takfir The practice of adjudging Muslims as non-Muslims, used chiefly by Muslims. Tawaffi An Arabic term used in the Holy Quran to denote the tak- ing by God of a soul in death, un- less otherwise explicated (e. g. in a dream or sleep). Tauhid The Oneness of God-the fundamental Islamic belief that there is none worthy of worship except Allah. Ummati Follower of the Holy Prophet Muhammad sas Ummat-e-Muḥammadiyyah The community or followers of the Holy Prophet Muhammadsas. Vedas The most ancient Hindu scriptures, written in Sanskrit. Wahi Divine revelation from God, used interchangeably with ilham in Islamic terminology. Walayat The state of being a wali, or a friend of Allah. See Wali below.