Tasnif Style Guide — Page 236
236 TAŞNİF STYLE GUIDE Muwaḥḥidin Plural of muwaḥḥid, literally meaning a believer in the Unity of God. All Muslims, by virtue of subscribing to the Kalima-e-Tauhid, are muwaḥhi- Quran see Holy Quran. din. However, the term muwaḥ- hidin has been adopted by some Muslims who consider the Quran and hadith to be sufficient sources of guidance and do not follow Imam. Qiblah Direction of the Ka'bah in Makkah, toward which Muslims face to offer formal prayers. any Nafs-e-ammārah The self that incites to evil. The lowest of three spiritual states; also an- Nafsul-Ammarah. For details see The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam, p. 3–5, edi- tion 2017, published by Islam In- ternational Publication Ltd. Nawab An honorific title ratified and bestowed by Mughal emperors to semi-autonomous Muslim rulers of princely states in South Asia. The female equivalent is 'Begum' or 'Nawab Begum. Parmeshwar A term in Hinduism for God. Sometimes also written as Parmeshar. Pir(s) Literally, 'old' (in Persian). Generally refers to a spiritual leader at whose hands students have taken an oath of allegiance. Title is commonly used for leaders of Sufi orders. Quraish The leading tribe in Mak- kah during the time of the Holy Prophet Muhammad sas Ra'is-e-Azam A great chieftain. Rabb Lord, Master, Creator; One who sustains and develops; One who brings to perfection by de- grees. Rabbul-‘Ālamīn An attribute of God; meaning: 'Lord of all the worlds'. Radd-e-Balā A prayer or invocation to ward off evil or harm. phys- Rafa Arabic term meaning to ically raise or to spiritually exalt in rank. When the subject is Al- lah, the term invariably refers to spiritual exaltation. Rahim Merciful. An attribute of God as mentioned in the Holy Quran. The verbal noun of this at- tribute is Raḥimiyyat. Rahman Gracious. An attribute of God as mentioned in the Holy Quran. The verbal noun of this at- tribute is Raḥmāniyyat.