Tadhkirah — Page xxi
P UBLISHERS ’ N OTE XXI ق q , a deep guttural k sound. ئ ’, a sort of catch in the voice. Short vowels are represented by a for — َ — (like u in ‘bud’); i for — ِ — (like i in ‘bid’); u for — ُ — (like oo in ‘wood’); the long vowels by a for — ٰ — or (like a in ‘father’); i for — ِ — or — ٰ — (like ee in ‘deep’); ai for — َ — (like i in ‘site’) ♦ ; u for و — ُ — (like oo in ‘root’); au for و — َ — (resembling ou in ‘sound’). Please note that in transliterated words the letter ‘e’ is to be pronounced as in ‘prey’ which rhymes with ‘day’; however the pronunciation is flat without the element of English diphthong. If in Urdu and Persian words 'e' is lengthened a bit more it is transliterated as 'ei' to be pronounced as 'ei' in 'feign' without the element of diphthong thus ' ے ' is transliterated as 'Kei'. For the nasal sound of 'n' we have used the symbol ' ń '. Thus Urdu word ' ں ' would be transliterated as 'mei ń '. * The consonants not included in the above list have the same phonetic value as in the principal languages of Europe. London Munir-ud-Din Shams June 2009 Additional Vak i lut-Ta sni f ♦ In Arabic words like (Shaikh) there is an element of diphthong which is missing when the word is pronounced in Urdu. * These transliterations are not included in the system of transliteration by Royal Asiatic Society.