Murder in the Name of Allah — Page 142
Murder in the Name of Allah 68; see Bernard Lewis, Islam in History: Ideas, Men and Events in the Middle. East (London, 1973), 232. 4 Munir Commission Report (Lahore, 1954), 28. 5 Abdul Malik Ibn Hisham, Sirat Rasul Allah ed. F. Wustenfeld, 2 vols. (Göttingen, 1856-60), 984; trans. A. Guillaume, The Life of Muhammad (London: Oxford University Press, 1970), p. 667. 6 Musnand Imam Ahmad Hanbal, vol. V, 260. 7 Mufradat al-Quran. 8 Quran, 6. 67. See also 6. 108, 10. 109,17. 55,39. 42 and 42. 7. The word wakil has been explained by Imam Fakhr ud-Din Razi in Tafsir Kabir (Cairo, 1308. AH), vol. IV, 62-3 and also Muhammad Abduh in Tafsir al-Quran al-Shahir bi Tafsir al-Manar, ed. Muhammad Rashid Rida (Beirut, 1337 AH), vol. VII, 501-3,662-3. 9 Emphasis added. 10 Abdul Malik Ibn Hisham, Kitab Sirat Rasul Allah, op. cit. , 927. 11 ibid. , 381. 12 ibid. , 384. 13 Sahih al-Bukhari (Cairo, n. d. ), vol. 1, book 3,28. 14 Ibn Hisham, op. cit. , 818. 15 ibid. , 819. 16 ibid. , 818-19. 17 ibid. , 819. 18 ibid. 19 ibid. , 820. 20 ibid. , 468-9. 21 ibid. , 819. 22 ibid. Al-Zurqani, Sharah al-Mawahib al-Laduniyah (Cairo 1325 AH), vol. II, 315; see Shair Ali, Qatli-Murtadd aur Islam (Amritsar, 1925), 119. 23 Ibn Hisham, op. cit. , 728. 24 ibid. , 819. 25 ibid. 26 Muhammad Idris al Shafii, Kitab al-Umm, ed. Muhammad Zahri al Nadjjar (Cairo, n. d. ), vol. VIII, 256. 27 Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, Tarikh al-Rasul wa al-Muluk, ed. . M. J. de Goeje (Leiden, 1964), vol. IV, 1874. 28 C. H. Becker, 'The expansion of the Saracens', The Cambridge Medieval. History (New York: Macmillan, 1913), vol. II, 335. 29 Muhammad Idris al-Shafii, op. cit. , 255-6. 30 Abd al-Hamid Hibet-u-Allah ibn al-Hadid, Sharah Nahj al-Balaghah, ed. . Muhammad Abu al-Fadl Ibrahim (Cairo, 1956 - 64), vol. XIII, 187. 31 C. H. Becker, op. cit. , 335. 32 Bernard Lewis, The Arabs in History (London, 1958), 51-2. 33 Ashari, Maqalat, vol 1, 191. 142