The System of Mushawarat in Jama'at-e-Ahmadiyya — Page xi
' at the beginning of a word, pronounced-as a, i, u pre ceded by a very slight aspiration, like h in the English word 'honour'. < — 1 th, pronounced like th in the English word 'thing'. £ h, a guttural aspirate, stronger than h. £ kh, pronounced like the Scotch ch in 'loch'. ^ dh, pronounced like the English th in 'that'. O 3 s, strongly articulated s. ck * 4, similar to the English th in 'this'. t, strongly articulated palatal t. -k z, strongly articulated z. £ a strong guttural, the pronunciation of which must be learnt by the ear. gh, a sound approached very nearly in the r 'grasseye' in French, and in the German r. It requires the muscles of the throat to be in the 'gargling' position whilst pronouncing it. (3 q, a deep guttural k sound. is ’, a sort of catch in the voice. Short vowels are represented by: a for — - — (like u in 'bud'); i for — - — (like i in 'bid'); u for — d. — (like oo in 'wood'); Long vowels by: a for ----- 1 ---- or ^ (like a in 'father'); i for u — - — or ----- j ---- (like ee in 'deep'); u for j — d. — (like oo in 'root'); XI