The Criterion for Religions — Page vii
ظ ع غ ق 2, strongly articulated z. ', a strong guttural, the pronunciation of which must be learnt by the ear. gh, a sound approached very nearly in the r 'grasseye' in French, and in the German r. It re- quires the muscles of the throat to be in the 'gargling' position whilst pronouncing it. q, a deep guttural k sound. ', a sort of catch in the voice. Short vowels are represented by: a for (like u in 'bud'); i for (like i in 'bid'); u for (like oo in 'wood'); Long vowels by: ā for ۱ _ or (like a in 'father'); ī for or (like ee in 'deep'); น و for _ (like oo in 'root'); Other: ai for au و for (like i in 'site')'; (resembling ou in 'sound'). Please note that in transliterated words the letter 'e' is to be pronounced as in 'prey' which rhymes with 'day'; how- ever the pronunciation is flat without the element of English diphthong. If in Urdu and Persian words 'e' is Shaikh) there is an element of diphthong which In Arabic words like is missing when the word is pronounced in Urdu. vii