The Holy Quran with Five Volume Commentary (Vol 5) — Page 51
PT. 26 AL-FATH him enter the Gardens beneath which streams flow; but whoso turns his back, him will He punish with a grievous punishment 3827A R. 3. CH. 48 جَنَّتٍ تَجْرِى مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهُرُ ۚ وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّ يُعَذِّبُهُ عَذَابًا أَلِيْمَان لَقَدْ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ well يُبَايِعُونَكَ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ فَعَلِمَ مَا فِى they were swearing allegiance قُلُوبِهِمْ فَأَنْزَلَ السَّكِينَةَ عَلَيْهِمُ knew what was in their hearts وَأَثَابَهُمْ فَتْحًا قَرِيبان 19. Surely, Allah was pleased with the believers when to thee under the Tree, and He and He sent down tranquillity on them, and He rewarded them with a victory at hand; 38 3828 3827A. Commentary: The disbelievers have repeatedly been threatened with "a grievous and burning punishment" in the Surah. This is to warn them that the terms of the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah over which they and their fellows had gloated, would prove for them an abiding source of ignominious heart-burning. 3828. Commentary: The swearing of allegiance referred to in the verse took place at Hudaibiyyah under an acacia tree after a report had reached the Holy Prophet that in breach of ambassadorial usage or etiquette his envoy, 'Uthman, had been killed at Mecca. It was, perhaps, not so much the reported murder of 'Uthman as the violation of a sacred and time- honoured custom that exhausted the Prophet's patience. He invited his followers to take a solemn oath at his hand that they would fight the Quraish to the last breath of their lives. The oath came to be known as Bai'atur-Ridwan, which signified that those lucky people who had taken the oath had obtained God's pleasure. The words, "He knew what was in their hearts," mean that God was well conversant with the state of their minds, viz. that they were quite honest and sincere in their oaths and were anxious to vindicate their sincerity with their blood. What greater proof could there be that "God sent down tranquillity on Muslims," than that, being only about 1500 in number and being far away from home, friendless and surrounded by hostile tribes and faced by a powerful enemy who was entrenched in his citadel, the Muslims were prepared to fight rather than agree to the proposed terms of the Treaty. The expression, "He rewarded them with a victory near at hand" refers to the victory of Khaibar. On his return from Hudaibiyyah the Prophet led an 2947