The Miracle of Ahmad — Page 178
178 THE MIRACLE OF AHMAD phonetic value as in the principal languages of Europe. While the Arabic is represented by n, we have indicated the Urdu ںas ń. As noted above, the single quotation mark is used for transliterating which is distinct from the apostrophe 'used for ، We have not transliterated some Arabic words which have become part of English language, e. g. Islam, Quran, Hadith, Mahdi, jihad, Ramadan, and ummah. The Royal Asiatic Society's rules of transliteration for names of persons, places, and other terms, are not followed throughout the book as many of the names contain non-Arabic characters and carry a local translitera- tion and pronunciation style.