Malfuzat – Volume X — Page xxxvii
PUBLISHER'S NOTE xxxvii Short vowels are represented by: a for i for и for و Long vowels by: (like u in bud). (like i in bid). (like oo in wood). a for for for - or آ )like a in father(. or -(like ee in deep). 1 و (like oo in root). Other vowels by: ai for aufor و (like i in site). (resembling ou in sound). The consonants not included in the above list have the same phonetic value as in the principal languages of Europe. While the Arabic is represented by n, we have indicated the Urdu as ń. As noted above, the single quotation mark' is used for transliterating which is distinct from the apostropheused for We have not transliterated some Arabic words which have become part of the English language, e. g. Islam, Quran, Hadith, Mahdi, jihad, Ramadan, and ummah. The Royal Asiatic Society's rules of transliter- ation for names of persons, places, and other terms, are not followed throughout the book as many of the names contain non-Arabic charac- ters and carry a local transliteration and pronunciation style.