The Essence of Islam – Volume III — Page 13
Natural, Moral and Spiritual States of Man 13 patience, benevolence, sincerity, loyalty, etc. , when they find expression at their proper time and place, under the guidance of reason and reflection, are designated moral. All such qualities are in reality the natural states and emotions of the human person and they are designated as such only when exercised at their proper time and place. [Islāmī Uşül kī Philosophy, Rūķānī Khazā'in, vol. 10, p. 333] Moral State of Man Moral qualities are of two kinds. First, those moral quali- ties that enable a person to discard evil and, secondly, those moral qualities that enable him to do good. Dis- carding evil includes those moral qualities through which a person tries that he should cause no harm to the person, property, honour or life of another person by his tongue, hand, eyes or any other organ, nor should he intend to cause any harm or humiliation. Doing good comprises all those morals through which a person tries to benefit the property or honour of another person through his tongue or hand or property or knowledge or through other means, or even intends to do so. Or he overlooks if any- one had done him any harm, for which the perpetrator deserved to be punished, and thus saves him from suffer- ing physical torment, or financial loss; or tries to award him the punishment which in reality proves to be a bless- ing in disguise for the culprit. [Islāmī Uşül kī Philosophy, Rūķānī Khazā'in, vol. 10, pp. 339-340] Moral Qualities Related to Discarding Evil It should be clear that the moral qualities that the True Creator has prescribed for discarding evil are known by four names in Arabic, which has a specific name for all human ideas, actions and morals.