Dictionary of The Holy Quran — Page 14
اذ إِذَا اذا to it or by any movement letter, the ذ of اِذْ is quiescent as in وَإِذْ يَرْفَعُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْقَوَاعِدَ : And when Abraham was raising the foundations (2:128). But when it is followed by a noun with )or by any 1) the ذ is majroor. إِذِ الْأَغْلَالُ فِي أَعْنَاقِهِمْ : When the iron collars shall be round their necks (40:72). In general it is an adverbial noun denoting past time. As a noun denoting past time it is said to be also an objective complement of a verb as in وَاذْكُرُوْا إِذْ أَنْتُمْ قَلِيْلٌ : And remember when you were few )8:27(. It is also used as a noun to indicate future and إِذَا is said to denote past time, each of these occurs in the place of the other وَلَوْ تَرَى إِذْ فَزِعُوْا : Couldst thou see them when they will be smitten with fear (34:52). It also indicates a cause. لَنْ يَّنْفَعَكُمُ الْيَوْمَ إِذْ ظَلَمْتُمْ : It shall not profit you this day, since or because you acted wrongfully (43:40). It is also used to denote a thing happening suddenly . بَيْنَمَا أَنَا كَذَا إِذْ جَاءَ زَيْدٌ : While I was thus, there came Zaid. It is also a conditional particle, but only used as such coupled with مَا as in إِذْمَا تَأْتِنِي أَتِكَ : Whenever thou shall come to me, I will come to thee. denotes a thing's happening suddenly or one's experiencing the occurrence of a thing when one is in a particular state like إذ as in فَاَلْقَاهَا فَإِذَا هِيَ حَيَّةٌ تَسْعَى : So he cast it and behold! it was a serpent running )20:21( خَرَجْتُ فَإِذَا زَيْدٌ قَائِمٌ : I went forth, and Zaid presented himself to me suddenly. It also denotes the complement of a condition, like as in وَإِنْ تُصِبْهُمْ سَيِّئَةٌ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ إِذَا هُمْ يَقْنَطُوْنَ : And if an evil befalls them because of what their own hands have sent on, behold! They are in despair (30:37). It is also an adverbial noun denoting future time and implying the meaning of a condition. ثُمَّ إِذَا دَعَاكُمْ دَعْوَةً مِّنَ الْأَرْضِ إِذَا أَنْتُمْ تَخْرُجُوْنَ : Then when He shall call you or when He calls you with a single call from the earth, behold! you will go forth )30:26(. Sometimes it denotes past time, like as إذْ sometimes denotes future time; وَإِذَا رَأَوْا تِجَارَةً أَوْ لَهْوًا : And when they saw merchandise or sport (62:12). Thus it occurs in the place of like as إذ occurs in the place of إذا . Sometimes it denotes the present time; and this is after an oath as in وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى : By the 14