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proven wrong by modern research. 114 It is an established fact that with modern technology opening far greater avenues of research in the field of human behaviour, many of Freud's theories of the early century are disagreed upon and also not accepted by most modern psychologists. 115 In fact, his best known dream theory116 in which he contradicted the essence of. Islamic teachings on the concept of dreams which he defined as wish fulfilment of a forbidden urge and an expression of repressed sexual desires in disguised form and also essentially a hallucinatory experience has been challenged. 117 One would be rather interested in knowing how this admirer of Freud, Abdul Hafeez reconciles the Austrian born Jewish psychiatrist's theory of dreams to the. Quranic verse: 'And it is not for man that Allah should speak to him except by revelation, or from behind a veil or by sending a messenger to reveal by His command what He pleases 118 - the expression from behind the veil also suggesting the medium of dreams and Hadhrat Muhammad's statement that 'the dreams sa of a righteous person are one forty six parts of prophethood'¹19 as well as the recorded fact of Hadeeth that 'the commencement of the Divine Inspiration to Allah's Apostles was in the form of good righteous dreams in his sleep. ' 1120. If this ignorant pir from Gujjo had ever read Freud's theories which he pretends to have but which one is certain he has not since he cannot even spell his name correctly, 121 he would have realised that these sufficiently contradict the essence of Islamic teachings and, not surprisingly so, since Freud was largely influenced by Charles Darwin's theory of evolution which argued that humans and animals differ only quantitatively and not qualitatively. 122 In view of this background of Freud's beliefs on which he mostly based his study of human mental processes, one's attention is drawn to Abdul Hafeez's comment while discussing Freud's theory to the effect as to one can imagine what would have happened if Freud had an opportunity to 115. Ibid. , p. 398 114. Ibid. , p. 346 116. Freud, S. The Interpretation of Dreams 117. Gross, Richard D. Psychology, p. 408 118. Al Quran 42. 52 119. Sahih Bukhari 87. 2 121. Shah, Syed Abdul Hafeez. Two in One, pgs. 12 & 13 120. Ibid. 87. 1 122. Gross, Richard D. Psychology, p. 417/18 147