Talim-ul-Quran — Page 120
2). When after the vowels of a). EXAMPLES: شد A اى or , أو (shadd - meaning double letter) appears. غَيْرَ مُضَآرٍ - لَمْ يَطْمِثْهُنَّ إِنْسٌ قَبْلَهُمْ وَلَا جَانٌّ 0 lam yatmith hunna insun qablahum waſa ja-an - ghaira muḍa arrin or b) A ^ (sukun or silent word) appears as in آلْآنَ آلْآنَ وَقَدْ عَصَيْت قَبْلُ al-aana waqad asaita qabla (al-aana) in original form was الان ( ā al-āna). It went through several changes of. Arabic Grammar. Details are being skipped here. . Please note that rule 2 is applicable when the letter 1 (alif) is active and requires a sound of its own. In Arabic, sometimes, an 1 (alif) is inactive and 'silent' and does not have a sound. In such cases a ~ (madd) will NOT take place. . EXAMPLES: وَمَاللهُ بِغَافِلٍ - وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ ) wa ladda allin - wa mallahu bi ghafilin. In the above cases (alif) is silent and the preceding letter has been merged with the next active letter by creating شد (shadd: a double-word sign). 120