مسلمانوں کا نیوٹن ۔ ڈاکٹر عبدالسلام — Page 416
406 All he could do was to teach mathematics and physics within the constraints of a rigid and antiquated curriculum۔He felt himself growing rapidly۔out of touch with modern science and with the international community of scientists۔After three years, he understood that he could help his country more from outside than from inside۔In 1954 he returned with a clear conscience to England and resumed his research career۔In 1957 he accepted a chair at Imperial College, the position that he held for the rest of his life۔As a London professor, he became chief scientific advisor to the President of Pakistan and wielded far greater influence on his native country than he could ever had achieved from Lahore۔As his country's most distinguished citizen, he stood above academic hierarchies۔When I first met Salam in 1950 I recognized him as an intellectual equal, a young man who could solve mathematical puzzles as quickly as I could۔Ten years later I could see that he had grown over my head۔While I was still solving mathematical puzzles, he had come to grips with deep mysteries physical reality۔While I was exploring the details of old theories, he was creating new ones۔For ten years he struggled, with many false starts leading into blind alleys, to create a unified theory of electromagnetic and weak interactions۔In 1967 he succeeded۔At the same time as Steven Weinberg and Sheldon Glashow, working independently, he created the electroweak theory, the theory that was triumphantly vindicated by the experimental observation of weak neutral currents six years later۔The electroweak theory set the pattern for all the ideas that were later incorporated in the standard model of particle physics۔Salam and Weinberg and Glashow received well-earned Nobel Prize in 1979 for this achievement۔Salam quietly gave away a hundred percent of his prize to fund scholarships for poor students۔He said that the Muslim faith by which he lived made it easy for him to be generous۔Creates a Center Meanwhile, Salam had founded the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, the institution which fulfilled his dream of raising the level of fundamental science in poor countries۔The Centre provides funds and accommodation for scientists from all over third world, who visit for periods of sabbatical leave while maintaining academic positions in their home countries۔While they are at the Centre, they have a chance to concentrate on their own research and to keep in touch with colleagues from other countries۔They can remain a part of the world community of science۔The Centre gives them access to modern communications and an opportunity to publish their work۔The purpose of the Centre, as Salam designed it, is to enable third-world scientists to remain scientifically productive without being forced, as he was, to emigrate۔Those who come to the Centre no longer have to choose between frustration and emigration۔From the beginning, the Centre was not narrowly concentrated on particle physics۔Meetings were organized and visitors welcomed in many other areas of science, from plasma physics to environmental analysis and molecular biology۔Salam had served as a scientific secretary helping to organize the two Geneva Conferences on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in 1955, and 1958۔He maintained a serious interest in nuclear fission and nuclear fusion, both as sources of energy and as sources of challenging scientific problems۔He believed that fundamental and applied science were equally essential to the vitality of developing countries۔Visitors