The Light of the Holy Qur'an — Page xiv
NURUL-QUR'AN xiv Short vowels are represented by: a for __ َ ___ (like u in bud ). i for __ ِ ___ (like i in bid ). u for __ ُ ___ (like oo in wood ). Long vowels by: a for __ ٰ ___ or آ (like a in father ). i for ی __ ِ ___ or __ ٖ ___ (like ee in deep ). u for و __ ُ ___ (like oo in root ). Other vowels by: ai for ی __ َ ___ (like i in site ). au for و __ َ ___ (resembling ou in sound ). The consonants not included in the above list have the same phonetic value as in the principal languages of Europe. As noted above, the single quotation mark ‘ is used for transliterating ع which is distinct from the apostrophe ’ used for ء. We have not transliterated some Arabic words which have become part of English language, e. g. Islam, Qur’an, hadith, Mahdi, jihad, Ramadan, and ummah. The Royal Asiatic Society’s rules of transliteration for names of persons, places, and other terms, are not followed throughout the book as many of the names contain non-Arabic characters and carry a local translitera- tion and pronunciation style.