Islam and Human Rights — Page 105
Articles 9-11 105 the plaintiff and the witness, the testimony of the witness was not admissible and he dismissed the claim. The defendant was so impressed that immediately upon emerging from the court room he acknowledged the claim and discharged it. 57 Articles 9-11 These articles are designed to provide safeguards against the arbitrary exercise of executive or administrative authority and in respect of the due administration of justice where a criminal charge is involved and a penalty might be incurred. They are part of the system of checks and balances which experience through the centuries has shown to be desirable as a curb upon the tendency towards despotism. The spirit underlying them has been discussed under Articles 6-8, and it need only be added that whatever safeguards experience might demonstrate to be needful for carrying that spirit into effect should be acceptable. As seen already, Islam not only seeks to uphold the basic values through legislative safeguards, but strives constantly to ensure their observance in every sphere by 57 Rahmatullah Subhani, Makhzan-i-Akhlaq, p. 229.