Flowers for the Women Wearing Veils - Volume I — Page 109
! ! 109 born e from drawing upon this science. Thus, e loquence includes all the aforementioned points. 3. Lexicon: The th ird science is Lexicon, or the meaning of words , and is quite an extensive study. We all convers e , so for example, if someone tells us that he is suffering, not everyone is able to understand the measure of his suf fering, but lexicon explain s its appropriate usage. W hen us ed appropriately in its context , the listener will be able to immediately understand. Lexicon encompas ses the meanings of all words and th ough related to linguistics, is now an independent science in itself. 4. Written Communication: The fourth science is written communication or letter wr iting. It teaches how best to expr ess one’s thoughts in writing. There is a difference between writin g a letter and writing a book. The a uthor of a book addresses his book to everyone. W hereas a letter is addressed to one person and the recipient acknowledges that the letter is addressed only to him , as if they were speaking face to face. Similar to other studies , this is an independent and extensive science , which ha s progresse d a great deal in modern times. Many illustrious colleges have b een established to teach writing and written communicat ion. There are several types of w ritten communication. How traders should write letters in comparison to how officers and their subordinates should write. Schools a nd colleges have been created with the purpose of teaching effective letter writing and observing etiquette, keeping in mind the forms of address and the discernment of ranks [one addresses in a letter]. 5. Journalism: The fifth science is Journalism, which is its English name. In Arabic, it is called s ahafat. This is another considerably vast science. It is n onexistent in our country, but there are many great institutions teaching journalism in Europe and America. This study can be further categorized. For example, writing the headline of the newspaper, the selection and organization of the news, choosing a headline to impact readers , while also conveying the main g ist of the essay, and narrating an incident to serve one’s purpose. For example, if Zaid and Bakr have a fight, Zaid’s friend wil l describe the incident to portray him to be the victim , while Bakr’s friends will display him as the victim. In short , it is a great science encompassing several areas , one of