Essence of the Holy Qur’an — Page 12
Essence of the Holy Qur’ ā n 12 that, just as in extremely adverse circumstances God protected and helped them against very heavy odds in that encounter and vouchsafed to them a clear victory over the idolaters of Mecca, the same will happen with regard to the People of the Book; God’s mercy and grace will accompany them in opposition to the latter. The People of the Book depend for their power and material might on transactions based on interest. But the taking and giving of interest runs counter to good morals. By taking interest they oppress God’s servants and by subscribing to the doctrine of Atonement and the dogma of the non-acceptance of repentance they declare God to be cruel like themselves. The believers are further enjoined to do their duty, make suitable sacrifices and employ properly the material means at their disposal, leaving the rest to God for the success of their life’s mission. The S u rah then enunciates a very sound principle, viz. that the Holy Prophet is but a Divine Messenger; if he should die or be killed in a battle (though in conformity with Divine promise this would never happen), Muslims should not lose heart and should entertain no doubt about the truth of Islam because Islam relies for its success and prosperity on no individual however exalted. Another rule of conduct to be observed in time of war is that the leaders of Muslims should behave with greater leniency than in ordinary times towards other Muslims and should have proper regard for their susceptibilities, so that the enemy may not get an opportunity to create discord and dissension among them. It is further enjoined that at such time all matters should be decided after mutual consultation. Then, Muslims are reminded of the great good God has done to them in that He has raised for them a great Messenger. They should follow him and eschew the path of the disturbers of peace. The S u rah lays down the principle, viz. that those, who die while fighting for the cause of Truth, are entitled to special respect. By their death they receive eternal life and inspire their community, as it were, with a new life. Again, reference is made to the People of the Book saying that morally they have become so depraved that, while, on the one hand, they claim to be God’s "Own Chosen People," on the other, they hesitate to spend their money in His way. Muslims are enjoined to take a lesson from this. The moral depravity of these people is further contrasted with their claim that they are commanded to give their allegiance only to that Messenger who should demand the greatest sacrifice of them. The S u rah says that such Messengers did appear among them, but they refused to accept them. Next, the theme of sacrifice is developed and believers are told that it would be foolish on their part to be afraid of making sacrifices for national cause. They are then warned that their faith will be put to a severe test. They should not think that they will achieve success without passing through fire and blood. In the next few verses some special qualities and characteristics of true believers are mentioned and they are taught certain prayers which are essential for national progress and prosperity. The S u rah concludes with the rules of conduct by observing which Muslims can achieve success and predominance in this life and the pleasure of God in the next.