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248 9. The Holy Quran, 2:218 10. Life and Character of the Seal of Prophets sa , page 107-8 11. Sunan Abū Dā’ūd, Book of Tribute, Spoils, and Rulership, Chapter: How Were The Jews Expelled From Al-Madīnah? [http://sunnah. com/abudawud/20] 12. Ṣaḥīḥ Bukhārī, The Book of Prophets, Chapter: The death of Mūsā as [http://sunnah. com/bukhari/60/81] 13. Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim , The Book of Jihad and Expeditions, Chapter: The Battle of Dhū Qarad and other battles [http:// sunnah. com/muslim/32/160] 14. Life of Muhammad sa , page 222 Does Violence escalate in Early Islam? 1. The Holy Quran, 9:5 2. The Holy Qur’an with English Translation and Commentary, volume 2, page 864 3. See Arabic-English Lexicon by Lane, under the word, ba-ra- aa, meaning, “Free from it; namely a fault, defect, imperfection, blemish, or vice; and also followed by min-hu , clear, or quit of it…” 4. The Holy Quran, 9:1 (Translation of Sir Zafrullah Khan ra ) 5. The Holy Quran, 9:128 6. The Holy Quran, 18:7 7. The Holy Quran, 56:80 8. Jāmi‘ At-Tirmidhī , Abwābu Tafsīril-Quran, Bābu mā jā‘a nilladhī yufassirul Qur’āna bi-ra’yihī [http://sunnah. com/ urn/739320 ] 9. Recipients of divine revelation who are not Prophets. Singular is Muḥaddath 10. Blessings of Prayer , pages 27-30 The Battle of Tabuk 1. http://www. soebratie. nl/religie/hadith/IbnSad. html (293-294 of 471)