Three Questions by a Christian and their Answers — Page ix
ع غ ق ئ ', a strong guttural, the pronunciation of which must be learnt by the ear. gh, a sound approached very nearly in the r 'grasseye' in French, and in the German r. It requires the muscles of the throat to be in the 'gargling' position whilst pro- nouncing it. q, a deep guttural k sound. ', a sort of catch in the voice. Short vowels are represented by: a for (like u in 'bud'); i for (like i in 'bid'); U for (like oo in 'wood'); Long vowels by: ā foror (like a in 'father'); ī for or (like ee in 'deep'); ū for (like oo in 'root'); Other: ai for (like i in 'site'); au for (resembling ou in 'sound'). Please note that in transliterated words the letter 'e' is to be pro- nounced as in 'prey' which rhymes with 'day'; however the pronunciation is flat without the element of English diphthong. If in Urdu and Persian words 'e' is lengthened a bit more it is transliterated as 'ei' to be pronounced as 'ei' in 'feign' without the element of diphthong thus 'کے' is transliterated as 'Kei'. For the *In Arabic words like شیخ Shaikh) there is an element of diphthong which is missing when the word is pronounced in Urdu. ix