Talim-ul-Quran — Page 150
In the above lesson, please note carefully the method used to make different "fi'l mudari"" (Present and Future Tense) with respect to various "ḍamā'ir" (Pronouns). . When the Past tense is changed to Present/Future tense, the harkat (movement) on the middle letter ( ‘ain, ε) of the basic three letter unit found in the case of the first tense will remain the same in the rest of the tenses. For example, when naṣara is changed to yanṣuru the harkat on the ‘ain & letter (i. e. , ṣād (_) changes to ḍammah. In the case of all the remaining fi'l muḍari' (present and future tenses) the ḥarkat will remain ḍammah. However, the harkat on the lam J letter i. e. the third letter of the basic unit of the word will change with change in the damai'r (Pronouns), e. g. تَنْصُرْنَ tansurani itansurna تَنْصُرِيْنَ tansurina and يَفْتَحُوْنَ yaftahān يَفْتَحَانِ yaftahani يَفْتَحُ yaftahu ع. Please note: The 'ain & letter in the case of both fi'l maḍi (past tense) and fi'l muḍari“ (present and future tense) can get anyone of the following ḥarkāt (movements), i. e. fatḥah, kasrah, ḍammah. What harkat (movement) 'ain & letter of a particular madah (root of the word) will get depends upon its use by the Arabic language. 150