The Shining Lamp — Page 236
236 Other vowels by: ai for ی __ َ ___ (like i in site ). au for و __ َ ___ (resembling ou in sound ). The consonants not included in the above list have the same pho- netic value as in the principal languages of Europe. While the Arabic ن is represented by n , we have indicated the Urdu ں as ń. As noted above, the single quotation mark ‘ is used for trans- literating ع which is distinct from the apostrophe ’ used for ء. We have not transliterated some Arabic words which have become part of English language, e. g. Islam, Quran, Hadith, Mahdi, jihad, Ramadan, and ummah. The Royal Asiatic Society’s rules of transliteration for names of persons, places, and other terms, are not followed throughout the book as many of the names contain non-Arabic characters and carry a local translitera- tion and pronunciation style. Text bolding, font enlargements, and images depicted in the book (eg. footnote stars, etc) are reproduced as they appeared in the original version. Throughout the book, the Promised Messiah as frequently cites page references from the original publications of his books, including Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya. These referenced page num- bers are documented in the margins of the compilation entitled R uha n i Khaz a’ in, which was published at a much later time. We have included footnotes providing the applicable page references as they appear in the most recent English translations of these books.