Remembrance of Allah — Page 137
Glossary 137 In Islamic terminology, the title ‘Khal i fa-e-R a shid’ [righteous Khal- ifah ] is applied to each of the first four Khulaf a ’ who continued the mission of the Holy Prophet Mu- hammad s as. Ahmadi Muslims refer to each successor of the Promised Messiah as as Khalifatul Masih. Khalifatul Masih see Khalifah. Kh a liq An attribute of Allah, which means the Creator. Maghrib Refers to the evening Prayer, immediately after sunset (one of the five daily Prayers in Islam). Makkah The ancient Arabian city, birthplace of the Holy Prophet Muhammad s as , settled by Prophet Abraham as , and home to the Ka‘bah, the holiest site in Islam. Maulaw i A Muslim religious cleric. Muhammad s as Founder of Islam. see Holy Prophet s as. Mu s le h Mau‘ u d A term, mean- ing Promised Reformer, applied to Hadrat Khalifatul Masih II, Mirza Bashir-ud-Deen Mahmood Ahmad ra. He is called Mu s le h Mau‘ u d because he was born in ac- cordance with a prophecy made by the Promised Messiah as in 1886 about the birth of a righteous son who would be endowed with spe- cial abilities, attributes and pow- ers. The life and works of Hadrat Mirza Bashir-ud-Deen Mahmood Ahmad ra are a testimony to the ful- fillment of the prophecy. Nafl/Naw a fil See Prayer and Prayers. P i r(s) Literally, ‘old’ (in Persian). Generally refers to a spiritual leader at whose hands students have taken an oath of allegiance. Title is commonly used for leaders of Sufi orders. Prayer and Prayers Three Islamic terms, all sometimes translated as prayer, should be distinguished. The first term is Du’ a prayers or supplications made to God Al- mighty. Du’ a can be made at any time and in any language. It does not require any formal prescribed posture. Du’ a is translated in the text as ‘prayer’ or ‘supplications’. Secondly, S al a t refers to the five daily Prayer services prescribed for all Muslims. Unlike Du’ a , S al a t has fixed timings and modes of perfor- mance. We have retained the term S al a t in the translation or have used the term ‘prescribed Prayer’, or ‘Prayer’. Each Prayer is divided into Rak‘a. Each rak‘ a t includes several postures—standing Qiy a m , bowing Ruk u ‘ , sitting Qa’dah , and