مطالبہء اقلیت کا عالمی پس منظر

مطالبہء اقلیت کا عالمی پس منظر — Page 160

160 'Bliss was it in that dawn to be alive, But to be young was very heaven'۔Starry-eyed Perhaps; but it is well to remember that the Russia which Jawahar Lal visited was still very much the Russia of Lenin, even though Lenin had been dead for over three years۔Stalin had not yet become the undisputed dictator, and there was a considerable amount of mass support for the Soviet regime۔The New Economic Policy was still in effect۔'Get rich', Bukharin had advised the peasants in 1925; and the peasants still dominated the countryside and brought about a strong recovery in food۔production۔This was to then the 'golden era of Soviet rule'۔The number of family holdings rose to 25 millions in 1927, and comprised 98۔3 percent of the sown area۔Stalin, like Lenin, was still speaking in terms of voluntary collectivization of agriculture۔It was only after 1927 that it was felt that 'Bolshevism in alliance with the peasants', apart from being ideologically untenable, was also impracticable۔The food shortages in large cities in the summer of 1927, despite good harvest, showed that 'without mass production of consumer goods' the peasants could not be induced to sell their grain۔The percentage of the crops being sent to the urban markets was even less than that in the year before the war۔On the other hand, industrial production, which till 1927 had shown a rapid rise because of the reactivation of productive capacity of the years before 1917, now began to slacken۔If industrialization and specially heavy industrialization, thought to so necessary with the -