مسلمانوں کا نیوٹن ۔ ڈاکٹر عبدالسلام — Page 393
383 In 1959, at the age of 33, Salam became the youngest Fellow of the Royal Society۔His research ranged widely, but the dominant theme was unification the search for a unified description of the different fundamental forces۔It culminated in the discovery in 1967 of the electroweak theory, showing how the weak force manifested in radioactivity decay can be seen as parts of unified symmetric structure۔For this achievement Salam shared the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics with Sheldon Glashow and Steven Weinberg, both of Harvard University۔It was with great reluctance that Salam decided to move to Britain۔He always hoped to be able to use his talents to promote the development of Pakistan۔He was convinced that what the developing countries needed above all was rapid development of science and technology۔In 1959, he eagerly accepted an appointment as a scientific adviser to President Ayub Khan۔He began working on ambitious plans for all kinds of development, and recommended that the government devote at least one percent of national income to this program۔For example, he brought in experts to study the severe problem of waterlogging and salinity of irrigated land۔They recommended a drastic program of drainage, but the government was unwilling to devote the required resources and the project failed۔Indeed, many of Salam's plans foundered on a similar lack of commitment۔Only in the high-profiles areas of nuclear energy and space research was the government willing to commit enough resources to make things happen۔Ironically, Salam was often criticized in the development community for directing all scientific manpower into these arcane areas that did little for the mass of people, though it was certainly not what he had wanted۔At the time of impending hostilities with India over Kashmir, Salam and the great Indian physicist Homi Bhaba, founder of the Tata Institute in Bombay, tried to mediate between Ayub Khan and the Indian leader J۔Nehru, but unfortunately without success۔Creation of ICTP One very positive thing did come out of Salam's appointment as a scientific adviser۔He had felt frustrated at being unable to carry on his chosen career in his own country, and determined to help others with the same problem۔He concluded that what was needed was first class international research center to which scientific associates from Third World countries would come for regular visits, so that they could keep with international research, but still go home to work in their own countries۔He conceived the idea of an International Center for Theoretical Physics, and determined to use his position as Pakistani delegate to the International Atomic Energy Agency to win support for the idea۔