مسلمانوں کا نیوٹن ۔ ڈاکٹر عبدالسلام — Page 390
380 Fahim Hussain, a Pakistani who is a coordinator of the ICTP Diploma Course in High Energy Physics, first met Salam at Imperial College, where he began his postgraduate studies in 1963۔"I don't know whether at the time of his formulation of the Standard Model, Salam felt he was close to the truth۔" Hussain recalls۔"Salam was always enthusiastic and adventurous in his theories۔Some of his ideas, of course, turned out to be great successes۔But Salam also had some failures, some of them quite big۔” Hussain notes۔"This was the mark of the man, to speculate, to go the edge۔" "Salam was very enthusiastic about supersymmetry, and especially about superstrings۔When superstring theory really took off with the work of Green and Schwarz in the mid 1980's, he wanted everybody to work on it۔I think he felt that superstring theory would lead towards further unification۔" By then, Salam had certainly come a long way۔After receiving a Ph۔D۔in Cambridge in 1951, Salam had decided to return to Pakistan to work in his native country۔But he was soon frustrated by the environment in which he found himself۔Within three years after his arrival, Salam realized that he faced an unwelcome choice between emaining in his native country and pursuing his professional career۔He rationalized his decision to return to England by claiming he would be of no use to Pakistan if his work failed to progress because of the obstacles he faced۔"When Salam returned to Pakistan from Cambridge, he found that he simply could not do physics there۔" Hussain notes۔"There was no structure, no tradition of research and no one to talk to۔" Hussain also observes there's no doubt that Salam remained deeply troubled by his decision to turn his back on his homeland۔In fact, that very personal decision subsequently prompted Salam to propose the creation of the ICTP۔In his mind, such a Center would help other young scientists avoid the difficult choice that he had to make۔Salam's journey, in fact, eased the way for others who followed in his path۔"After I returned to Pakistan in 1968, upon receiving my Ph۔D۔from Imperial College in London and working as a postdoctoral student at the University of Chicago in the US, I faced an entirely different situation," Hussains says۔"Thanks to his example, 10 particle theorists returned together to Pakistan to set up a group۔We also received support from the ICTP through its Associateship Programme and Federation Scheme۔" "We were not so isolated and could continue to do research in our home country, although with difficulty because we were not at one of the main centers of research۔Periodic visits to the ICTP during my 20 years in Islamabad, before I left again, kept me alive as a physicist۔Salam pursued realistic dreams, Hussains says, He succeeded in implanting science in some developing countries, but not as much as he or others would have liked۔" 66 Science, in fact, has flourished in countries like India, where the government has shown the political will to patronize science۔There, the ICTP's help has been crucial۔However, science is stagnating in countries like Pakistan, where successive governments have refused to support education and science۔" "I think Salam's belief that there can be no economic and social development without scientific development remains as valid today as it was 20