Muhammad (saw) – The Perfect Man — Page xiv
xv غ gh , a sound approached very nearly in the r ' grasseye ' in French, and in the German r. It requires the muscles of the throat to be in the 'gargling' position whilst pronouncing it. ق q , a deep guttural k sound. ء ’, a sort of catch in the voice. Short vowels are represented by: a for (like u in 'bud'); i for (like i in 'bid'); u for (like oo in 'wood'); Long vowels by: a for or (like a in 'father'); i for ى or (like ee in 'deep'); u for و (like oo in 'root'); Other: ai for ى (like i in ' site') ♦ ; au for و (resembling ou in ' sound'). The consonants not included in the above list have the same phonetic value as in the principal languages of Europe. For quotes straight commas (straight quotes) are used to differentiate them from the curved commas used in the system of transliteration, ‘ for ع , ’ for ء. Commas as punctuation marks are used according to the normal usage. Publishers ♦ In Arabic words like (Shaikh) there is an element of diphthong which is missing when the word is pronounced in Urdu.