Muhammad and The Jews — Page 77
1'HE FAILURE OF THE CONFEDERACY His Apostle'. 1 Ibn Hisham (not Ibn Is~:i. q) quotes two verses from the Qur. ,a11 about Abu Lub:i. bah's indiscretion. 2 Both of the verses have been quoted in a doubtful context. The first verse: "O ye who believe! prove not false to Allah and the Messenger, nor prove false to your trusts knowingly" 3 was not revealed at the time of the Battle of the A/:lziib. It was revealed after the Battle of Badr (624/2). 4 The second verse quoted by Ibn Hish:i. m is supposed to be about God's forgiveness of Abu Lub:i. bah: And there are others who have acknowledged their faults. They mixed a good work with another that was evil. It may be that Allah will turn to them with compassion, Surely Allah is Most Forgiving, MercifuJ. 5 The above verse was actually revealed after the expedition to Tabiik (9/630) and refers to those true believers who stayed behind without permission. 6 (vi) lbn Is]J. :i. q reports that in the morning the B. Quray{:ah submitted to the Apostle's judgment and the Aws leapt up and said, "O Apostle, they are our allies, not allies of the Khazraj and you know how you recently treated the allies of our brethren". When the Aws spoke thus the Apostle said, "Will you be satisfied, 0 Aws, if one of your men pronounces judgment on them?" When they agreed, the Apostle said Sa~d b. Muc. :i. dh was the man. 7 Al-Wiiqidi 8 andlbn Sac. d9 also report the B. Quray~ah's surrender to the Apostle's judgment and the appointment of Sa'°d as bakam. But Ibn Sa'°d gives another report saying that they surrendered to the judgment of Sa'°d. 10 1 lbn Hisham, p. 686; al-Waqidi, Vol. II, p. 506; Ibn Sa"d, Vol. II, p. 74. 2 Ibo Hisham, pp. 686-87. 3 The Qur•an, Al-Anfiil, 27. 4 Ibn Kathir, Tafsir, Vol. II, p. 301. The verse was revealed after Hatib b. Abu Balta "ah tried to send a letter to the Quraysh informing them of the Apostle's intended attack on them. See also al-Tabari, Ta/sir, Vol. XIII, p. 480. 5 The Qur•an, Al-Taubah, 102. 6 Abu Luba bah, according to Ibn "Abbas, was one of these true believers who had stayed away from the expedition to Tabilk with the Apostle's permission and this verse was sent down about these people. Ibn Kathir, Vol. II, p. 385; al-Tabari, Ta/sir, Vol. XIV, pp. 447-453. 7 Ibo Hisham, p. 688. s Al-Waqidi, Vol. II, pp. 509-10. 9 Ibn Sa cd, Vol. II, pp. 74-75. lO Ibid. , p. 77. 77