Khilafat-e-Rashidah — Page xiii
XIII Please note that in transliterated words the letter 'e' is to be pronounced as in 'prey' which rhymes with 'day'; however the pronunciation is flat without the element of English diphthong. If in Urdu and Persian words 'e' is lengthened a bit more it is transliterated as 'ei' to be pronounced as 'ei' in 'feign' without the element of diphthong thus ' ' is transliterated as 'Kei'. For the nasal sound of 'n' we have used the symbol ' ń '. Thus Urdu word ' ' is transliterated as 'mei ń '. * The consonants not included in the above list have the same phonetic value as in the principal languages of Europe. We have not transliterated Arabic words which have become part of English language, e. g. , Islam, Mahdi, Quran ** , Hijra, Ramadan, Hadith, ulama, ummah, sunnah, kafir, pukka etc. For quotes straight commas (straight quotes) are used to differentiate them from the curved commas used in the system of transliteration, ‘ for , ’ for. Commas as punctuation marks are used according to the normal usage. Similarly for apostrophe normal usage is followed. Publishers * These transliterations are not included in the system of transliteration by Royal Asiatic Society. [Publishers] ** Concise Oxford Dictionary records Quran in three forms— Quran, Quran and Koran. [Publishers]