The Heavenly Decree — Page xi
xi u for و (like oo in 'root'); Other: ai for ى (like i in 'site') ♦ ; au for و (resembling ou in 'sound'). The consonants not included in the above list have the same phonetic value as in the principal languages of Europe. We have not transliterated Arabic, Persian and Urdu words which have become part of English language, e. g. , Islam, Mahdi, Quran, Hijra, Ramadan, Rahman, Hadith, Zakat, ulema, umma, sunna, kafir etc. For quotes straight commas (straight quotes) are used to differentiate them from the curved commas used in the system of transliteration, ‘ for ع , ’ for ء. Commas as punctuation marks are used according to the normal usage. References of the Holy Quran are given as Chapter No. followed by colon followed by Verse No. Thus 2:43 means Chapter 2 and Verse 43 of the Holy Quran. The same rule is followed in giving references of the Bible. Publishers ♦ In Arabic words like (Shaikh) there is an element of diphthong which is missing when the word is pronounced in Urdu.