Guidance for Perceiving Minds — Page xv
Publisher’s Note xiii German r. It requires the muscles of the throat to be in the ‘gargling’ position to pronounce it. ق q – a deep guttural k sound. ء ’ – a sort of catch in the voice. Long vowels by: a for __ ٰ ___ or آ (like a in father ). i for ی __ ِ ___ or __ ٖ ___ (like ee in deep ). u for و __ ُ ___ (like oo in root ). Other vowels by: ai for ی __ َ ___ (like i in site ). au for و __ َ ___ (resembling ou in sound ). The consonants not included in the above list have the same pho- netic value as in the principal languages of Europe. As noted above, the single quotation mark ‘ is used for transliterating ع which is distinct from the apostrophe ’ used for ء. We have not transliterated some Arabic words which have become part of the English language, e. g. Islam, Quran, Mahdi, jihad, Ramadan, and ummah. The Royal Asiatic Society’s rules of transliteration for names of persons, places, and other terms, are not followed throughout the book as many of the names contain non-Arabic characters and carry a local transliteration and pro- nunciation style.